♦ ISRO developed a 2,000 kN (kilonewton) thrust semi-cryogenic engine working on a Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Kerosene propellant combination. This is used to enhance the payload capability of Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) and for future launch vehicles.

♦ Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) is the lead centre for the development of semi-cryogenic propulsion systems with the support of other launch vehicle centres of ISRO.